Ka mea hoʻopaneʻe unahi

ʻO ka mea pale unahi: hiki iā ia ke hoʻopuehu i nā paʻakai inorganic insoluble i loko o ka wai, pale a hoʻopilikia i ka ua a me ka scaling o nā paʻakai inorganic insoluble ma ka ʻili metala, a mālama i ka hopena hoʻololi wela maikaʻi o nā mea metala. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka mea hana ma ka lawe ʻana i ka resin epoxy a me ka resin amino kikoʻī ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui kūpono o nā ʻano anti rust a me nā mea hoʻohui anti-corrosion e hana i hoʻokahi ʻāpana. Loaʻa iā ia ka pale pale maikaʻi, ka impermeability, ka pale pale, ka pale ʻana i ka pālākiō maikaʻi, ka conductivity thermal, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka ʻakika nāwaliwali, ka alkali ikaika, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe, ka adhesion ikaika, ka ʻālohilohi, hiki ke maʻalahi, paʻa a paʻakikī.

ʻAno hoʻoponopono peʻe

Mai ke ʻano o ka mea pale unahi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hopena inhibition o ka unahi i ka chelation, dispersion a me ka distortion lattice. I ka ho'āʻo loiloi loiloi, ʻo ka dispersion ka mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hopena hoʻohui, a ʻo ka hopena distortion lattice ka hopena o ka hopena dispersion.

Nā hiʻohiʻona hana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka pālākiʻi osmosis

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohui i ka waikawa hou, hiki ke pale pono i ka corrosion o nā mea hana e nā mea acidic.

Paʻa ka hopena chelating, hiki ke pale i ka hao, manganese a me nā ion metala ʻē aʻe ma ka paipu membrane e hana i ka lepo.

He kūpono ia no nā ʻano mea like ʻole o ka membrane tube.

Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka mana inhibition scale ʻoi loa me ka liʻiliʻi o ka dosage a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.

Hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka membrane a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o ka membrane.

ʻOli ʻili

He kaʻina hana ʻo Chelation kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka ion waena i ʻelua a ʻoi aʻe paha nā mana hoʻohui o ka ligand polydentate like. Ma muli o ka chelation, hoʻopili ʻia nā cation scaling (e like me Ca2 +, Mg2 +) me nā mea chelating agents e hana i nā chelates paʻa, ka mea e pale ai iā lākou mai ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā anion scaling (e like me CO32 -, SO42 -, PO43 - a me sio32 -), no laila e hōʻemi nui ana i ka hiki ke hoʻonui. He stoichiometric ka Chelation.

Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka mana chelating o nā mea chelating e ka waiwai chelating o ka calcium. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo nā mea hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai pāʻoihana (ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hana ma lalo nei he 50%, helu ʻia e CaCO3): aminotrimethylphosphonic acid (ATMP) - 300mg / g; diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid (dtpmp) - 450mg / g; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) - 15om / g; hydroxyethyl diphosphonic acid (HEDP) - 45 OM. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka 1mg chelating agent ke chelate calcium carbonate scale ma lalo o 0.5mg. Inā pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ion calcium a me ka magnesium me ka paʻakikī holoʻokoʻa o ka smm0fl i loko o ka ʻōnaehana wai kahe, ʻo ka chelating agent e koi ʻia he 1000m / L, ʻo ia ka waiwai a me ka hana. No laila, he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka chelation inhibitor scale. Eia nō naʻe, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka chelation o nā mea paʻakikī paʻakikī i ka wai paʻakikī haʻahaʻa.

Hoʻopuehu pelu

ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana, ʻo ia ke pale ʻana i ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻāpana unahi oxide, pēlā e pale ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka unahi oxide. Hiki i nā ʻāpana scaling ke calcium a me ka magnesium ions, nā haneli CaCO3 a me MgCO3 mole, lepo, sediment a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i ka wai. ʻO ka dispersant he polymer me kahi paona molekala pili (a i ʻole degere o ka polymerization), a ʻo kona hoʻopuehu ʻana e pili pono ana i ke kaumaha molekala pili (a i ʻole degere o ka polymerization). Inā haʻahaʻa loa ka degere o ka polymerization, liʻiliʻi ka helu o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻopuehu ʻia, a haʻahaʻa ka hoʻopuehu ʻana; inā he kiʻekiʻe loa ka degere o ka polymerization, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻopuehu ʻia, e hoʻopuehu ka wai a lilo i flocs (i kēia manawa, ua like kona hopena me ka flocculant). Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano chelating, maikaʻi ka dispersion. Hōʻike nā hopena i hiki i ka 1 mg dispersant ke hana i nā ʻāpana unahi 10-100 mg e noho paʻa i ka wai kaʻapuni. I loko o ka wai paʻakikī a me ke kiʻekiʻe, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka mea paʻi unahi.

ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka lattice

Ke kiʻekiʻe ka paʻakikī a me ka alkalinity o ka ʻōnaehana, a ʻaʻole lawa ka chelating agent a me ka dispersant i mea e pale ai i kā lākou ua piha, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia lākou. Inā ʻaʻohe unahi paʻa ma ka ʻili o ka mea hoʻololi wela, e ulu ka unahi ma ka ʻili o ka mea hoʻololi wela. Inā lawa ka dispersant, hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana lepo (i haku ʻia me nā haneli o nā molekala calcium carbonate)